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Making EV charging infrastructure and EV uptake easier for local authorities

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Making EV charging infrastructure and EV uptake easier for local authorities

Posted | Updated by Insights team:

Publication | Update:

May 2023
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Electric cars charging at a charging station. 3d rendering.
Image © Дмитрий Ларичев | iStock

With over 30 years of experience in developing smart electronic solutions, EZ-Charge explains how it is supporting a seamless uptake of electric vehicles by working with local authorities to offer user-friendly and reliable EV charging infrastructure

With local authorities across the UK busy developing their electric vehicle (EV) infrastructure strategies, EZ-Charge is uniquely qualified to offer expert insight and support. As the largest charge point operator in Oxfordshire, with 250 charge points across 20 council car park charging hubs, there is not much we do not know about installing and running an ultra-reliable public EV charging infrastructure.

Partnership with Oxfordshire County Council and its four districts

Our partnership with Oxfordshire County Council and its four districts – Cherwell, South Oxfordshire, West Oxfordshire, and the Vale of the White Horse – is now seen as an exemplar of how the public and private sectors can work in unison to create EV infrastructure that works perfectly for the residents and businesses of any community, as well as visitors to it.

This award-winning project, Park & Charge Oxfordshire, has formed a vital part of the Oxfordshire Electric Vehicle Infrastructure Strategy and has played a significant role in Oxfordshire leading the nation in electric vehicle uptake, with EVs making up a higher proportion of new car registrations in the county than anywhere else in the UK.

Our project was voted Public Sector Infrastructure Strategy of the Year

Electric car plugged into a charging station while parked on the parking lot.
Image © EXTREME-PHOTOGRAPHER | iStock

Best of all, the project, which was named Public Sector Infrastructure Strategy of the Year at the 2022 Electric Vehicle Innovation & Excellence Awards. This gives EZ-Charge an unparalleled ability to accurately inform other local authority-led EV infrastructure projects currently in the planning stages.

Rob Newbould, Sales Manager of EZ-Charge, explains: ‘When we started planning for Park & Charge Oxfordshire a couple of years ago, we made a deliberate decision with our partners to democratise the network as best we could.

‘In reality, that meant that we did not just want to install chargers in the county’s biggest and most populated towns but also in smaller market towns and villages.

‘This fitted perfectly with the overarching vision of the project, which was to accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles in the county by providing EV charging infrastructure for those without access to off-street parking.

‘With that in mind, we configured a network of 20 charging hubs, all located in council-owned and operated car parks. Each car park has between a dozen and 16 dual 22kW AC charge points installed.

‘As an aside, these chargers were designed by EZ-Charge and manufactured at our headquarters in Bicester, Oxfordshire, with funding from Innovate UK.’

While the democratic design of the Park & Charge Oxfordshire network and the roll-out of private sector EV charging infrastructure means some hubs have been better utilised than others, the project has indeed been an enormous success.

The EV charging infrastructure has delivered in excess of 702,238 kWh of electricity

To date, the network has delivered in excess of 702,238 kWh of electricity – enough to power more than 2.17 million pure electric vehicle miles and saved an estimated 600 tonnes of CO2 equivalent from being emitted into the atmosphere. In addition, although all our charge points can be activated via contactless payment and without membership, over 3,700 people have now signed up for the purpose-built app to access additional user benefits.

But the project’s success can also be measured in more human terms through the customer feedback received through sites like the industry- leading Zap-Map. Recent comments have included, ‘Great charging experience. Very straightforward and easy-to-use; ‘12 chargers all working. Why can’t all car parks be like this one?’ and ‘The best non-Tesla charging network.

As if all that was not enough proof of the scheme’s success, the fact that a number of hubs are already nearing full capacity at peak times is further testament. So, what is the secret to the project’s success?

‘Well, if I had to single out one factor that’s made Park & Charge Oxfordshire so successful, it would have to be reliability’, said Rob. ‘Our 22kW EZ- Charge AC charger is ultra-reliable and has lots of clever technology built-in, including fans for hot weather, heaters for cold weather, and self-diagnostics that ensure they’re fully operational more than 99% of the time.

‘From speaking to customers and watching our utilisation data very closely, we have been able to watch the volume of charges grow steadily as EV drivers have not only learnt where our sites are but come to appreciate that there will almost always be a charge point available and, importantly, that it will be working every time.’

EZ-Charge works with local authorities to deliver bespoke EV charging infrastructure networks

You may be asking yourself how this can be applied to help other local authorities develop EV infrastructure solutions for their own conurbations and communities. Rob explained: ‘At EZ-Charge, we specialise in working with local authorities to develop bespoke EV charging infrastructure networks, drawing on all our experience and insights. Importantly, our record of working in synergy with public sector partners means we understand the unique set of challenges councils face and the goals they are working towards.

‘Our approach is always to sit down with commissioning organisations and plan solutions to suit the demographics and requirements of the area. Crucially, each step in this process is fully informed by the real-world data we continue to generate from our fully operational hubs.

‘We can, for example, help councils identify the right locations for chargers and use all the tools and state-of-the-art analytics at our disposal to calculate the correct ratio of off-street to on- street infrastructure.

‘We are also mindful that some locations where communities and or individuals want to see charge points may not be commercially viable in the short term. In these instances, our goal is to find a solution that uses the revenue from more commercially viable sites to support the delivery for those that are less viable, but socially critical.

‘Given its importance to the overall picture, we are also perfectly placed to support local authorities in receipt of LEVI funding to deploy infrastructure in the best possible way.’

Rob added: ‘We’d be delighted to hear from any local authority looking into EV charging, no matter how limited or extensive the scale of their ambition.

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Forecast methodology

The future outlook “forecast” is based on a set of statistical methods such as regression analysis, industry specific drivers as well as analyst evaluations, as well as analysis of the trends that influence economic outcomes and business decision making.
The Global Economic Model is covering the political environment, the macroeconomic environment, market opportunities, policy towards free enterprise and competition, policy towards foreign investment, foreign trade and exchange controls, taxes, financing, the labour market and infrastructure. We aim update our market forecast to include the latest market developments and trends.

Forecasts, Data modelling and indicator normalisation

Review of independent forecasts for the main macroeconomic variables by the following organizations provide a holistic overview of the range of alternative opinions:

  • Cambridge Econometrics (CE)

  • The Centre for Economic and Business Research (CEBR)

  • Experian Economics (EE)

  • Oxford Economics (OE)

As a result, the reported forecasts derive from different forecasters and may not represent the view of any one forecaster over the whole of the forecast period. These projections provide an indication of what is, in our view most likely to happen, not what it will definitely happen.

Short- and medium-term forecasts are based on a “demand-side” forecasting framework, under the assumption that supply adjusts to meet demand either directly through changes in output or through the depletion of inventories.
Long-term projections rely on a supply-side framework, in which output is determined by the availability of labour and capital equipment and the growth in productivity.
Long-term growth prospects, are impacted by factors including the workforce capabilities, the openness of the economy to trade, the legal framework, fiscal policy, the degree of government regulation.

Direct contribution to GDP
The method for calculating the direct contribution of an industry to GDP, is to measure its ‘gross value added’ (GVA); that is, to calculate the difference between the industry’s total pre­tax revenue and its total bought­in costs (costs excluding wages and salaries).

Forecasts of GDP growth: GDP = CN+IN+GS+NEX

GDP growth estimates take into account:

  • Consumption, expressed as a function of income, wealth, prices and interest rates;

  • Investment as a function of the return on capital and changes in capacity utilization; Government spending as a function of intervention initiatives and state of the economy;

  • Net exports as a function of global economic conditions.

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Market Quantification
All relevant markets are quantified utilizing revenue figures for the forecast period. The Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) within each segment is used to measure growth and to extrapolate data when figures are not publicly available.

Revenues

Our market segments reflect major categories and subcategories of the global market, followed by an analysis of statistical data covering national spending and international trade relations and patterns. Market values reflect revenues paid by the final customer / end user to vendors and service providers either directly or through distribution channels, excluding VAT. Local currencies are converted to USD using the yearly average exchange rates of local currencies to the USD for the respective year as provided by the IMF World Economic Outlook Database.

Industry Life Cycle Market Phase

Market phase is determined using factors in the Industry Life Cycle model. The adapted market phase definitions are as follows:

  • Nascent: New market need not yet determined; growth begins increasing toward end of cycle

  • Growth: Growth trajectory picks up; high growth rates

  • Mature: Typically fewer firms than growth phase, as dominant solutions continue to capture the majority of market share and market consolidation occurs, displaying lower growth rates that are typically on par with the general economy

  • Decline: Further market consolidation, rapidly declining growth rates

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The Global Economic Model
The Global Economic Model brings together macroeconomic and sectoral forecasts for quantifying the key relationships.

The model is a hybrid statistical model that uses macroeconomic variables and inter-industry linkages to forecast sectoral output. The model is used to forecast not just output, but prices, wages, employment and investment. The principal variables driving the industry model are the components of final demand, which directly or indirectly determine the demand facing each industry. However, other macroeconomic assumptions — in particular exchange rates, as well as world commodity prices — also enter into the equation, as well as other industry specific factors that have been or are expected to impact.

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Wherever possible, publicly available data from official sources are used for the latest available year. Qualitative indicators are normalised (on the basis of: Normalised x = (x - Min(x)) / (Max(x) - Min(x)) where Min(x) and Max(x) are, the lowest and highest values for any given indicator respectively) and then aggregated across categories to enable an overall comparison. The normalised value is then transformed into a positive number on a scale of 0 to 100. The weighting assigned to each indicator can be changed to reflect different assumptions about their relative importance.

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The principal explanatory variable in each industry’s output equation is the Total Demand variable, encompassing exogenous macroeconomic assumptions, consumer spending and investment, and intermediate demand for goods and services by sectors of the economy for use as inputs in the production of their own goods and services.

Elasticities
Elasticity measures the response of one economic variable to a change in another economic variable, whether the good or service is demanded as an input into a final product or whether it is the final product, and provides insight into the proportional impact of different economic actions and policy decisions.
Demand elasticities measure the change in the quantity demanded of a particular good or service as a result of changes to other economic variables, such as its own price, the price of competing or complementary goods and services, income levels, taxes.
Demand elasticities can be influenced by several factors. Each of these factors, along with the specific characteristics of the product, will interact to determine its overall responsiveness of demand to changes in prices and incomes.
The individual characteristics of a good or service will have an impact, but there are also a number of general factors that will typically affect the sensitivity of demand, such as the availability of substitutes, whereby the elasticity is typically higher the greater the number of available substitutes, as consumers can easily switch between different products.
The degree of necessity. Luxury products and habit forming ones, typically have a higher elasticity.
Proportion of the budget consumed by the item. Products that consume a large portion of the consumer’s budget tend to have greater elasticity.
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Finally, if the product or service is an input into a final product then the price elasticity will depend on the price elasticity of the final product, its cost share in the production costs, and the availability of substitutes for that good or service.

Prices
Prices are also forecast using an input-output framework. Input costs have two components; labour costs are driven by wages, while intermediate costs are computed as an input-output weighted aggregate of input sectors’ prices. Employment is a function of output and real sectoral wages, that are forecast as a function of whole economy growth in wages. Investment is forecast as a function of output and aggregate level business investment.

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